Bus Architecture

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In the Computer Architecture, Bus is a collection of control lines, address lines and data lines that transfer data between different computer components inside computer. In other words, a set of parallel conductors which allow the flow of instructions and data between different devices. The name of the buses are generally decided by the type of signals it is carrying or the method of operations. They are as follows:-

1. Data Bus:
   





 




It is bidirectional. Sometimes, it is also known as Memory bus. It handles the transfer of all data and instructions between different functional areas of computer system. The bidirectional data bus can only transmit in one direction at a time. The data bus is used to transfer instructions from memory to the C.P.U and memory as required by the instruction translation. The data bus is also used to transfer data between memory and the Input/Output devices during Input/Output operations.


2. Address Bus:









It consists of all the signals necessary to define any of the possible memory address location within the computer. An address is defined as label, symbol or other set of characters used to designate a location or register where the information is stored. Before data or instruction can be retained or read from memory by the C.P.U. or Input/Output section. An address must be transmitted to memory over a Address bus.


3. Control Bus:





Fig: Control Bus




It is used by the C.P.U. to direct and monitor the action of the other functional areas of the computer. It is used to transmit a variety of individual signals like read, write, interpret, acknowledge, increment, decrement and so on.. Necessary to control and coordinate the operations of the computer. The individual signals transmitted over the control bus and their functions are covered in the appropriate functional areas of description.

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